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In-Game Spending Statistics 2026: Who Actually Pays, and How Much

Microtransactions get written about as a tax bolted onto games. Two things are wrong with that. In-game spending is not an extra — on the most conservative construction available it was at least $127 billion in 2025, about 63% of Newzoo’s $201.6 billion market, outselling premium PC and console game sales by 3.6 to 1. And the “only a tiny fraction of players ever pay” line that anchors every article on this subject is mostly a measurement artifact. Roblox’s own 10-K puts payer penetration at 1.4% of daily users; the same company’s Q4 letter puts it at 25.5% over a month. Same platform, same year, an 18× swing that comes entirely from the length of the window. This page is built as a ranking: models by revenue, platforms by dependence, payer cohorts by spend, titles by take, publishers by dependence. The re-ranking is the argument.

Is in-game spending really bigger than buying games?

Yes, and not narrowly — in-game spending is between 3.6 and 4.5 times the size of premium full-game sales, depending on how you count mobile. The uncertainty is entirely in the mobile leg, and it is worth showing rather than hiding, because even the pessimistic end settles the argument.

Start with the part that is published directly. Newzoo’s February 2026 business-model split puts PC microtransactions at $20.6 billion, downloadable content at $8.5 billion and in-game subscriptions at $1.4 billion — $30.5 billion of in-game money against $12.5 billion of premium game sales on a $43.0 billion platform. On console, in-game spending is $12.3 billion of microtransactions plus $2.2 billion of DLC, or $14.5 billion, against $22.7 billion of premium sales on a $45.3 billion platform. That is $45.0 billion of in-game spending across PC and console, on a base of $88.3 billion.

Mobile is where the estimates fork. Sensor Tower measured $82 billion of games in-app purchase revenue on iOS and Google Play in 2025 — two storefronts, gross of commission. Newzoo, whose sizing explicitly excludes advertising, hardware and second-hand trade, puts total mobile consumer spending at $113.3 billion for the same year across all channels, including China’s third-party Android ecosystem and publisher webshops that no store-scraper can see. Paid mobile game downloads are a small residual of that line, so the Newzoo figure is close to an upper bound on mobile in-game spending, and the Sensor Tower figure is a hard floor.

Put the two ends together. Using the tracker floor for mobile, total in-game spending in 2025 was $127 billion, or 63.0% of Newzoo’s $201.6 billion market. Using Newzoo’s own all-channel mobile line, it was $158 billion, or 78.5%. Premium full-game sales on PC and console total $35.2 billion either way, or 17.5% of the market. Those figures are why the “tax on top of games” framing collapses: the thing being taxed is, on any measurement, the much smaller number.

Which monetisation model earns the most?

On PC and console, premium sales still rank first as a single line item at $35.2 billion — but microtransactions at $32.9 billion are within touching distance, and the combined in-game category outranks premium by $9.8 billion. How you rank the models depends entirely on whether DLC and in-game subscriptions keep their own buckets or get folded together, which is exactly why nobody agrees on the headline.

Combined figures are 16Best additions of Newzoo’s separately published PC and console business-model splits (Games Market Reports & Forecasts, updated February 2026, 2025 forecast year). Newzoo rounds its component percentages, so the components sum to $88.4B against a stated platform total of $88.3B; we carry the platform total. Mobile is excluded because Newzoo does not publish an equivalent model split for it. Newzoo’s own term for this category is “in-game spending (microtransactions, DLC, in-game subscriptions)” — console multi-game subscriptions such as Game Pass are counted separately.

One more ranking that matters and is almost never published: random-reward mechanics do not appear as a revenue line anywhere in this data. Newzoo, Sensor Tower and AppMagic all count microtransactions as one bucket, whether the player bought a named cosmetic outright, a battle pass, or a randomised item pull. Anyone who tells you loot boxes are worth $X billion globally is estimating, not reporting. What is documented is the regulatory pressure on those mechanics, which we cover below.

Which platform leans hardest on in-game spending?

PC — by a distance nobody expects. In-game spending is 71% of PC revenue versus 32% of console revenue. The stereotype has mobile as the microtransaction platform and PC as the home of the pay-once purchase. The 2025 data inverts the second half of that.

All three rows are Newzoo consumer-spending figures, which exclude advertising, hardware, taxes and second-hand trade — so unlike most comparisons of this kind, the denominators are on one basis. The mobile in-game range is bounded below by Sensor Tower’s $82 billion of iOS and Google Play games IAP and above by Newzoo’s full mobile line; the true figure sits between, and mobile has no meaningful premium category to speak of. PC and console rows use the February 2026 platform totals that carry the published business-model split. Console multi-game subscriptions are counted separately from in-game spending, which is why the console row’s two shares do not sum to 100%.

Why PC and console diverge this hard is a question of catalogue, not culture. Newzoo’s 2026 report finds that 87% of combined PC and console playtime in 2025 went to games released in earlier years, with new releases holding a stable 13% share since 2023, and that the top ten titles alone absorb 47% of PC playtime, 49% of PlayStation playtime and 44% of Xbox playtime. PC’s share of that entrenched playtime runs heavily through free-to-play, where there is no premium sale to book at all. Console’s runs through platforms that still sell $70 boxes, and 2025 handed console an unusually strong premium slate. Newzoo’s own headline for the year is that premium strengthened across platforms while the monetisation models stayed fundamentally different. Both halves of that sentence matter.

That chart is the honest counterweight to this whole page. If in-game spending were still conquering territory, the biggest Western live-services publisher’s dependence on it would keep climbing. It does not. EA’s live-services share rose about two and a half points between FY2021 and FY2023, sat flat for two years, then fell in FY2026 back to where it started. Over the full five years, live-services revenue compounded at 6.0% a year against 6.0% for EA’s total revenue — identical to one decimal place (16Best analysis). The re-basing of this industry onto in-game spending largely already happened. We are living in the aftermath, not the middle.

What share of players actually spend anything?

Anywhere between 1.4% and 58%, and the entire range is defensible — because “payer” is a measurement window, not a type of person. This is the single most abused statistic in games commentary, and it is worth taking apart slowly.

Start with the most precise evidence available, because it comes from one company’s audited annual report and so cannot be accused of mixing bases. Roblox’s FY2025 Form 10-K states that of its 127 million average daily active users, approximately 1.8 million were average daily unique paying users — 1.42% of the platform’s daily audience paid on a given day. The same company’s Q4 2025 shareholder letter reports 36.7 million monthly unique payers against 144 million DAUs in that quarter — 25.5%.

Now widen the window to a year and change the population from one platform to the whole world. Newzoo counts 1.6 billion payers in 2025 — 44% of its 3.6 billion players — and notes that payers grew 4.9% against 4.4% for players, so the paying share is still rising. That is a published figure, not a reconstruction, and it is roughly thirty times the number most articles on this subject imply.

The West sits above that global rate. Newzoo and Tebex’s August 2025 study counts 159.5 million paying gamers in North America and 256.6 million in Europe on a 2024 basis, while Newzoo’s 2025 regional player figures give North America 249 million and Europe 465 million players — 714 million, or 20% of the global base. Against 416.1 million payers, that implies about 58% of Western players spent money on games within a year (16Best analysis).

Both things are true at once, and holding them together is the point. Measured over a day, on one platform, almost nobody pays. Over a year, across everything a person plays, most Western players do. Neither number is wrong; using one to make a claim that belongs to the other is.

How concentrated is spending inside the payer base?

The most-cited estimate is that the top 10% of payers generate about half of all in-game revenue — a 5.1× concentration ratio — and it comes from a single study of January 2014. The “0.15% of players generate 50% of revenue” line that circulates as a permanent law of the medium has a birthday, and the birthday is twelve years ago.

Swrve’s monetization report, published 26 February 2014 and based on tens of millions of players across its network of freemium mobile games in January 2014, found that 1.5% of active players made an in-app purchase that month, at an average purchase value of $5.94, and that 0.15% of all players generated 50.8% of revenue. Divide 0.15 by 1.5 and the underlying finding is cleaner and more useful than the version that circulates: the top decile of payers funded half of revenue, a concentration ratio of 5.1 (16Best analysis). The study’s least-quoted number is its most revealing — the bottom half of paying players produced 11.1% of monthly revenue, and 49% of payers bought exactly once.

These rows are deliberately not comparable to one another — that is the table’s purpose. Each measures a different population over a different window using a different method. Concentration ratios, the payer-decile restatement and the $206 per-payer figure are 16Best calculations. The Swrve data describes mobile freemium titles in a single month twelve years ago; we use it because it remains the most transparently documented spend-distribution study in the category, with its sample and window disclosed, and we have found no more recent equivalent published on the same terms. Treat it as the origin of a famous claim, not as a current measurement.

Make the 69× physical. If a stadium held 127,000 Roblox players for a day, the crowd would spend about $19,000 between them — and roughly 1,800 people would have spent essentially all of it, at $10.36 each, while 125,200 spent nothing at all. That is not a market of high rollers. It is a very large number of people paying the price of a sandwich, funding a service for everyone else who paid nothing that day.

The per-head numbers reinforce it. Roblox’s $6.79 billion of 2025 bookings across 127 million average DAUs works out at $53.45 per daily active user for the year — below the roughly $56 per player the global industry earns across 3.6 billion players, despite a Roblox DAU being a far more engaged person than an average global “player” (16Best analysis). Roblox monetises lightly and at enormous scale. Newzoo’s regional figures show the other end of the same distribution: a North American paying gamer spends $324.90 a year, against $170.00 in Western Europe and $51.60 in Eastern Europe.

Sources: Newzoo x Tebex, Unlocking Games Revenue: Player Behavior and Payment Trends in the West, 12 August 2025, for the regional rows; Newzoo’s 2025 Global Games Market Report for the global average payer. All rows sit on Newzoo’s mid-2025 forecast basis of $188.8 billion, which is why they reconcile with one another but not with the $201.6 billion actual published in June 2026 — on that later basis the global figure is nearer $126 per payer. Per-payer figures are per paying gamer, not per player, which is the distinction most reporting on this study drops.

Which games take the most in-game money?

Honor of Kings led mobile in 2025 at $1.68 billion net of the store cut, but four of the top ten declined year over year — the top of this chart is not growing. AppMagic’s 2025 rankings are the cleanest public year-over-year comparison available for title-level in-game revenue.

Source: AppMagic estimates via mobilegamer.biz, top grossing mobile games of 2025. Ranks 7 (PUBG Mobile, described only as growing fractionally) and 9 (Pokémon TCG Pocket) are omitted because the published summary does not give comparable two-year figures for them. Critically, these are net figures — they exclude Apple’s and Google’s commission, advertising revenue, publisher webshop income and China’s third-party Android stores. YoY percentages are 16Best calculations. Honor of Kings earns most of its money inside China, so its true player spending is materially higher than the tracked figure.

Roblox is worth isolating because it publishes audited totals rather than estimates. Bookings — money players actually paid — ran $2.19 billion in 2021, $2.89 billion in 2022, $3.51 billion in 2023, $4.37 billion in 2024 and $6.79 billion in 2025, a compound rate of 32.7% a year (16Best analysis). Creators were paid $1.50 billion of that in 2025 through the Developer Exchange programme, up 62.9% on 2024.

For the all-time picture, the money list ranks payment models rather than games. As our highest-grossing video games analysis shows, no pay-once title has ever cracked the all-time top ten — GTA V’s roughly $9 billion lifetime gross lands outside it, behind a wall of titles that sell nothing at the door and everything afterwards.

How much of a publisher’s revenue is in-game spending?

Between roughly 71% and 100% at the companies that report it — and both of the big traditional publishers became slightly less dependent in their 2026 financial years. These are audited company figures, not analyst estimates, which makes them the firmest evidence on this page — and the only place on it where a genuine year-over-year series exists for the same definition.

Fiscal years differ: Roblox reports on a calendar year to 31 December, Take-Two and EA to 31 March, so “FY2026” for the latter two means the year ended 31 March 2026. Take-Two’s recurrent consumer spending is $5,196.6M of $6,656.4M net revenue in FY2026; EA’s live services and other is $5,383M of $7,531M. Both definitions are broader than microtransactions alone — each includes add-on content and expansions, and Take-Two’s also includes in-game advertising — so neither is directly comparable to a pure microtransaction figure. Share percentages for EA are 16Best calculations; Take-Two states its own. Sources: company Form 10-K filings.

Take-Two owns Grand Theft Auto, the closest thing this industry has to a pure premium blockbuster, and still books roughly four dollars in five from spending that happens after a game is acquired. One caveat the headline usually skips: mobile is 50.1% of Take-Two’s net revenue, mostly Zynga titles that are free to download, so a good deal of that recurrent spending never had a sale to come “after” in the first place. Both readings point the same way. At the largest scale, publishing a game has become a way to acquire an audience that will be monetised later. The box is the funnel — and increasingly there is no box.

How is in-game spending being regulated?

Through disclosure and consumer-protection law, not prohibition — four jurisdictions have now acted, and every one of them targeted what players are told rather than what they are sold. The regulatory theme across all of it is transparency of odds, transparency of price, and consent, particularly where children are involved.

The Cognosphere order was a stipulated order filed by the Department of Justice on referral from the Commission and required approval by a federal judge to take effect; the Commission vote to refer was 5–0. The EU Key Principles were prepared under the lead of the Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets and the Norwegian Consumer Authority and published alongside the Star Stable action. The European Commission hosted a stakeholder workshop on their application on 3 June 2025. Sources: FTC, Game Developer, Kim & Chang, European Commission.

Enforcement in Korea has been unusually visible. Regulators monitored 1,255 cases in the months after the law took effect and identified 266 games in violation, about 60% of them foreign; 185 titles had corrected their disclosures by the time the figures were published, and five foreign games faced potential distribution bans. Penalties under the amended Act run to a fine of up to KRW 20 million or up to two years’ imprisonment — which is to say, for a title earning hundreds of millions a year, a rounding error. That mismatch between the size of the money and the size of the penalty is the open question in every one of these regimes.

The Epic case gives the clearest sense of consumer scale. In June 2025 the FTC sent 969,173 payments totalling more than $126 million to Fortnite players in the United States who filed valid claims — an average of $130.00 per claimant (16Best analysis). That is roughly the price of two premium games per affected household, refunded because of interface design. The FTC has said further payments will follow in 2026 once remaining claims are validated, so the $245 million order is not yet fully distributed.

Why do in-game spending figures disagree?

Because six distinct definitional choices sit underneath every published number, and each one moves the figure by tens of percent. If you take one thing from this page, take this section — it is the disambiguator for every in-game spending statistic you will read elsewhere.

• Gross or net of the platform cut? The biggest single gap. Sensor Tower’s $82 billion of 2025 mobile games IAP is gross — what players paid. AppMagic’s title-level figures are net — what remains after Apple and Google take their commission. On the standard 30% rate the same reality reads as $82 billion or $57 billion depending on which basis you picked up. Publishers quote net when discussing their own business and gross when discussing the market.
• Do subscriptions, DLC and expansions count? Newzoo splits PC revenue into microtransactions, DLC and in-game subscriptions and reports console multi-game subscriptions separately again. Include all three and PC in-game spending is 71% of the platform; count microtransactions alone and it is 48%. Take-Two’s “recurrent consumer spending” and EA’s “live services and other” both include expansion content, and Take-Two’s also includes in-game advertising, which is why their 71–78% shares are not directly comparable to a pure microtransaction figure.
• Which vintage of the same source? Newzoo’s mid-2025 report forecast a $188.8 billion market for 2025; its June 2026 report put the actual at $201.6 billion, 6.8% higher, with mobile revised from $103.0 billion to $113.3 billion. Any ratio built by mixing the two vintages is wrong. We keep the regional per-payer table on the $188.8 billion basis it was published against, and the market-share arithmetic on the $201.6 billion actual.
• Bookings or recognised revenue? Roblox booked $6,788 million in 2025 but recognised $4,891 million of revenue, because virtual-item bookings are deferred over an estimated 27-month paying-user lifetime. Both numbers are correct and they differ by $1,934 million. Bookings answer “what did players spend?”; revenue answers “what may the company book?”
• Third-party trackers or all-channel sizing? Store-scraping estimates cover iOS and Google Play. They miss China’s fragmented Android ecosystem entirely, miss publisher-operated webshops — a fast-growing channel since developers gained more freedom to bill players directly — and miss third-party PC storefronts. The $31 billion gap between Sensor Tower’s $82 billion and Newzoo’s $113.3 billion mobile line is almost entirely that. A tracker figure is a floor, not a total.
• Over what window is a payer counted? The one this page is built on. A day, a month and a year produce wildly different payer rates from the same population: 1.4% and 25.5% on Roblox in 2025, 44% of players worldwide over a year, about 58% across Western players. Self-reported survey spend adds a further distortion in the opposite direction, since people under-report discretionary purchases they feel ambivalent about.

A worked sanity check. Our house basis is player spending, gross, across all storefronts — which is why we use Newzoo consumer-spending figures for the denominators and gross up net trackers before comparing. Under that basis, in-game spending was $127 billion to $158 billion of a $201.6 billion market in 2025. Run the same world through a net-of-commission, tracker-only lens and you would report something closer to $90 billion and conclude that in-game spending is a minority of the industry. Same year, same world, opposite headline. Ask which basis before you trust the number — and note that this is a different definitional mess from the one covered in our cloud gaming statistics, where the argument is about what belongs in the category at all rather than how it is priced. Our video game industry statistics page carries a $205 billion figure for 2026, a year ahead of everything on this page; do not mix the two.

Key takeaways

• In-game spending is the base, not the surcharge. Between $127 billion and $158 billion in 2025 — 63% to 78% of Newzoo’s $201.6 billion market — against $35.2 billion of premium PC and console sales. Even the floor is a 3.6-to-1 gap (16Best analysis).
• PC, not console, is the microtransaction platform. 71% of PC revenue is in-game spending versus 32% on console, a 2.2× divergence inside what gets called one market.
• The “almost nobody pays” claim is a window, not a fact. Roblox: 1.4% of users paid on a given day in FY2025; 25.5% paid within a month in Q4 2025. Newzoo counts 1.6 billion payers worldwide over a year — 44% of all players, and roughly 58% in North America and Europe.
• The famous concentration figure has a date on it. Swrve’s January 2014 network data put the top 10% of payers at 50.8% of revenue — a 5.1× ratio — and the bottom half of payers at 11.1%. Roblox’s 2025 filings show a comparable gap in current data: about 69× between the average payer and the average user.
• Geography concentrates spending more than psychology does. The West holds 20% of players, 26% of payers and 46% of spend: $120.17 per player per year against $35.96 elsewhere (16Best analysis).
• 2025 was a premium-led year, and 2026 filings agree. Console microtransactions fell 6.3% while console premium sales rose 12.1%; EA’s live-services share fell to 71.5% in FY2026 and Take-Two’s recurrent spending to 78.1%. The re-basing onto in-game spending has already happened.
• Regulation is converging on disclosure, not prohibition. China (2017), the FTC (2023 and 2025), South Korea (2024) and the EU CPC Network (2025) all targeted odds, price clarity and consent — and Korea found 266 games non-compliant in its first months of enforcement, against a maximum fine of KRW 20 million.
• So the spine, proven: in-game spending is not a tax levied on players by an industry that sells games. It is what the industry sells — and the median player in its richest markets is a payer, spending small amounts, alongside a thin top tier that pays for everything else.

Frequently asked questions

How much do people spend on in-game purchases each year?

Between roughly $127 billion and $158 billion worldwide in 2025, or 63% to 78% of Newzoo's $201.6 billion global games market. The certain part is PC and console: $30.5 billion of PC in-game spending (microtransactions, DLC and in-game subscriptions) and $14.5 billion on console, $45.0 billion together. The mobile leg is bounded below by Sensor Tower's $82 billion of games in-app purchase revenue on iOS and Google Play and above by Newzoo's $113.3 billion of total mobile consumer spending across all channels. Premium full-game sales on PC and console totalled $35.2 billion the same year, so in-game spending is at least 3.6 times larger.

What percentage of players spend money in games?

It depends entirely on the measurement window, which is why published figures range from under 2% to nearly 60%. Roblox's FY2025 Form 10-K reports approximately 1.8 million average daily unique paying users against 127 million average daily active users, or 1.4% on a given day. The same company's Q4 2025 shareholder letter reports 36.7 million monthly unique payers against 144 million DAUs, or 25.5% within a month. Measured over a full year across all platforms, Newzoo counts 1.6 billion payers worldwide, 44% of its 3.6 billion players, and the rate in North America and Europe is higher still at roughly 58%.

Is it true that a tiny percentage of players generate most game revenue?

Partly, and the source matters. The line comes from Swrve's monetization report published in February 2014, based on its network of freemium mobile games in January 2014: 1.5% of active players made a purchase that month, and 0.15% of all players generated 50.8% of revenue. Restated, the top 10% of payers generated half of revenue, a concentration ratio of 5.1, while the bottom half of payers produced just 11.1%. That describes one month of mobile freemium games twelve years ago, not the whole industry today. Roblox's 2025 filings show a comparable gap in current data: $10.36 of bookings per daily unique paying user against $0.15 per daily active user, a gap of about 69 times.

Which platform makes the most money from microtransactions?

Mobile in absolute terms, at somewhere between $82 billion and $113 billion of in-game spending in 2025, but PC is the most dependent platform among the two that publish a business-model split. Newzoo's February 2026 data puts PC microtransactions at $20.6 billion of $43.0 billion total PC revenue, and adding DLC and in-game subscriptions brings PC in-game spending to $30.5 billion, or 71% of the platform. Console in-game spending is $14.5 billion, or 32% of $45.3 billion, because console still sells premium games at $22.7 billion a year.

How much does the average gamer spend per year?

About $56 per player per year globally, across roughly 3.6 billion players. Payers spend far more: Newzoo puts the global average paying gamer at $119.70 a year on its mid-2025 basis, and Newzoo and Tebex's August 2025 study puts North America at $324.90, Western Europe at $170.00 and Eastern Europe at $51.60. The regional gap is wider than most spending-behaviour gaps. North America and Europe hold about 20% of the world's players and generate 46% of global spend, which works out at $120.17 per player per year in the West against $35.96 in the rest of the world.

Are loot boxes and randomised in-game rewards regulated?

Yes, through disclosure and consumer-protection law in several jurisdictions, rather than through bans. China has required publishers to disclose draw probabilities since a Ministry of Culture notice took effect on 1 May 2017. South Korea's Game Industry Promotion Act amendments took effect on 22 March 2024, requiring probability disclosure on the purchase screen, the website and in advertising; regulators identified 266 non-compliant games in the first months of enforcement, about 60% of them foreign. In January 2025 the FTC announced a $20 million stipulated order against Cognosphere, the developer of Genshin Impact, barring loot-box purchases by under-16s without parental consent and requiring odds and virtual-currency exchange-rate disclosure. In March 2025 the EU's CPC Network published Key Principles on in-game virtual currencies and opened an action against Star Stable Entertainment AB.

Why do different sources report such different in-game spending figures?

Six definitional choices. Whether the figure is gross or net of the roughly 30% platform commission; whether DLC, expansions and subscriptions count as in-game spending or as separate categories; which vintage of a forecast you are quoting, since Newzoo revised 2025 from $188.8 billion forecast to $201.6 billion actual; whether it reports bookings or recognised revenue, which for Roblox in 2025 differed by $1,934 million because virtual-item bookings are deferred over a 27-month paying-user lifetime; whether it comes from a store-scraping tracker covering only iOS and Google Play or from all-channel sizing that includes China's third-party Android stores and publisher webshops; and over what window payers are counted. Our house basis is gross player spending across all storefronts.

Sources

• Newzoo — 2026 PC & Console Gaming Report (business-model splits, Games Market Reports & Forecasts updated February 2026)
• Newzoo — Global Games Market Report, free version (2025) (players, payers, average spend per paying gamer, scope definitions)
• Newzoo via GameDev Reports — Gaming market surpassed $200 billion in 2025 ($201.6B actual; mobile $113.3B, console $44.7B, PC $43.6B)
• Newzoo x Tebex — Unlocking Games Revenue: Player Behavior and Payment Trends in the West (12 August 2025)
• Sensor Tower — State of Mobile 2026 ($167B total IAP on iOS and Google Play, $82B from games, +1.3% YoY)
• Roblox Corporation — Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended 31 December 2025 (127M average DAUs, ~1.8M daily unique paying users, $0.15 and $10.36 per head, $6,788M bookings, $4,891M revenue)
• Roblox Corporation — Q4 2025 Shareholder Letter (144M DAUs, 36.7M monthly unique payers, 27-month paying-user life, $1,503.1M developer exchange fees)
• Electronic Arts — Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended 31 March 2026 (live services $5,383M of $7,531M net revenue)
• Take-Two Interactive — Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended 31 March 2026 (recurrent consumer spending $5,196.6M, 78.1% of net revenue)
• AppMagic via mobilegamer.biz — The top grossing mobile games of 2025
• Swrve — Swrve finds 0.15% of mobile gamers contribute 50% of all in-game revenue (26 February 2014)
• Swrve via PocketGamer.biz — Half of in-game revenue generated by just 0.15% of players
• Federal Trade Commission — FTC finalizes order requiring Epic Games to pay $245 million (March 2023)
• Federal Trade Commission — Fortnite refunds: 969,173 payments totalling more than $126 million, June 2025
• Federal Trade Commission — Genshin Impact developer to pay $20 million and face lootbox restrictions (17 January 2025)
• Kim & Chang — Amendment to the Game Industry Promotion Act relating to loot box disputes
• Game World Observer — South Korea found 266 games violating loot box probability rules (July 2024)
• European Commission — CPC Network Key Principles on in-game virtual currencies (March 2025)
• European Commission — Stakeholder talks on applying the Key Principles (3 June 2025)
• Game Developer — China requires online games to disclose random item odds (in force 1 May 2017)